chloride in concrete

19 ensp 0183 ensp In comparison with a conventional concrete and calcium chloride concrete strength gain may vary between 30 and 100 per cent in the first three days Amounts of calcium chloride in excess of accepted standards cause lower strengths For the same amount of …

Chloride attack on concrete is one of the worst causes of failure that can happen to concrete Chloride attack accounts for 40 of concrete failure Chloride initially attacks the concrete and eats away at it until it works it s way to the reinfor …

5 ensp 0183 ensp The diffusion of chloride ions is associated and strongly affected by other ions in the pore solution in concrete In this paper chloride penetration into concrete structures was mathematically characterized by the Nernst Planck equation which considered not only…

The durability of concrete structures exposed to marine environment depends mainly on the ability of concrete to resist to chloride ingress This complex phenomenon depends on many parameters related to the concrete properties and to the micro environmental characteristics This paper presents the results of an experimental study where fifty four 1 0 215 0 5 215 0 12 m concrete panels were exposed …

The corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete structures induced by chloride ion contamination is a major problem Deterioration starts with the loss of protection provided by the concrete …

4 ensp 0183 ensp sion related to the chloride content in the concrete Therefore reliable chloride analysis in hardened concrete becomes a key parameter in the evaluation of existing structures and in the prediction of future service life The present recommendation is the result of a Round Robin Test on chloride analysis in concrete car …

28 ensp 0183 ensp that has been published on concrete carbonation and its influ ence on chloride binding there is not much work focusing on the quantification of release of bound chlorides in chloride contaminated concrete caused by concrete carbonation In this paper an experimental study is presented on the release of…

19 ensp 0183 ensp Concrete containing calcium chloride hardens rapidly and develops early resistance to damage by freezing and thawing This may be important in winter concreting when the material can be subjected to early application of de icing salts At later ages the matured concrete containing calcium chloride may be less resistant to frost attack 5 Dry …

Anytime the temperature drops below 70 degrees setting slows down The effect is most significant in the 30 to degree range the rapid setting offered by the addition of calcium chloride to ready mixed concrete allows concrete contractors to continue to work effectively into the fall and winter months …

Chloride in concrete BS 8500 BS 8500 Concrete – Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206 requires that concrete should have a maximum chloride ion content by mass of cement depending on certain criteria This is expressed as a chloride class e g Cl 0 40 The use of a comma instead of a full stop is how it is expressed in the main Standard BS EN 206 …

26 ensp 0183 ensp concrete structures In this study various potential models for concrete resistance to chloride ingress carbonation and frost attack were briefly reviewed Three models including the simple ERFC the DuraCrete and the ClinConc for prediction of chloride ingress…

Its behavior with most ingredients of concrete and under a wide variety of conditions has been studied and reported over a long span of years and its effects have been generally understood though in recent years increasing evidence has accumulated that calcium chloride or other source of chloride ions can cause serious problems in concrete …

26 ensp 0183 ensp optimized for maximum chloride sensitivity while allowing for the detection of other elements such as calcium and iron At a scan speed of 100 181 m s a spatial resolution of 400 181 m and limits of detection of 0 05 wt of cement were determined The chloride distributions along the concrete steel interface and possible differences between…

The critical chloride content in reinforced concrete can and has been studied by many different experimental setups When evaluating the entirety of reported results in the literature it appears that certain parameters inherent to the test procedure such as the application of an electric field to accelerate chloride ingress or potentiostatic …

Total chloride or acid soluble chloride in concrete depends on the chloride content in concrete mix ingredients The precise amount of chloride that is contributed by each element of the concrete mix compositions is hard to be defined because the chloride contents in aggregate and in concrete mixture as a whole are not equally distributed …

The American Concrete Institute Committee 306 has suggested procedures to achieve a quality product in adverse conditions The use of calcium chloride assists in reaching the concrete s desired strength by accelerating the cement s hydration Calcium Chloride is the most cost effective accelerator for today s modern concrete …

Coupled diffusion of chloride and other ions in saturated concrete Coupled diffusion of chloride and other ions in saturated concrete Nattapong DAMRONGWIRIYANUPAP 1 Linyuan LI 2 Yunping XI 3 1 Department of Civil Engineering University of Phayao …

26 ensp 0183 ensp The bound chloride content is calculated from the difference of total and dissolved chloride The contents of total chloride dissolved chloride and bound chloride are given in Table 5 and Figs 2–4 The distribution of chloride in concrete depends on the total…

13 ensp 0183 ensp ADVERTISEMENTS White dealing with the durability aspect of concrete the chloride effect on concrete is the most impor 173 tant factor as it causes the corrosion of reinforcement of concrete The statistical studies have shown that more than 40 structures have failed due to the corrosion of reinforcement steel Due to high alkaline nature of calcium hydroxide …

One of the most common chemical analyses performed on concrete is chloride analysis Grouts mortars soils and water samples are also often tested for chloride Chloride is a negatively charged ion that has the ability to react with the iron in steel reinforcing causing corrosion This can lead to cracking of concrete due to the …

13 ensp 0183 ensp The chloride diffusion coefficient is an indication of the capacity of any type of concrete to resist chloride penetration and is used to predict the service life of reinforced concrete structures Its determination has been subject of intense study in the last 50 years and today there is no complete agreement in the methodologies used …

8 ensp 0183 ensp by using relatively impenetrable concrete The ability of chloride ions to penetrate the concrete must then be known for design as well as quality control purposes The penetration of the concrete by chloride ions however is a slow process It cannot be determined directly in a time frame that would be useful as a quality control measure …

The effect of chloride binding in concrete on the corrosion initiation is twofold i the rate of ionic diffusion of chloride in concrete is reduced since the amount of available mobile ions free chloride is reduced due to binding mechanisms and ii the reduction of free chlorides in concrete results in lower amounts of chlorides being …

24 ensp 0183 ensp Critical Chloride Content in Reinforced Concrete A fter it was recognised in the second half of the last century that chloride may induce steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures great research efforts have been made in this regard over the last fifty years a considerable amount of papers has been published…

19 ensp 0183 ensp Chloride Attack on Concrete Structures is one of the most important phenomena we consider when we deal with the durability of concrete Among all sources of failure of concrete structures the chloride attack accounts 40 contribution The main effect of chloride attack is the corrosion of reinforcement that induces the strength of the …